118342 -

The number most prominently refers to a landmark Philippine legal case, G.R. No. 118342 , titled Development Bank of the Philippines (DBP) vs. Court of Appeals and Lydia Cuba .

The Supreme Court ruled in favor of Cuba. The court held that the assignment was intended as security, not an absolute sale. Therefore, DBP’s act of taking the property without foreclosure was illegal. The court ordered DBP to pay damages to Cuba for the "moral shock and social humiliation" caused by her unlawful ejectment. Other References for "118342"

While the legal case is the most significant "118342" topic, the number also appears in scientific and academic contexts: 118342

An MPRA Paper (No. 118342) discusses the decline of the US dollar as a reserve currency and the potential role of the BRICS Development Bank in facilitating a "soft landing" for the global economy. Medical Research:

Lydia Cuba, a fishpond leaseholder, obtained loans from the Development Bank of the Philippines (DBP) . As security, she executed an "Assignment of Leasehold Rights." When she defaulted on her payments, DBP unilaterally appropriated her leasehold rights without a public auction or judicial foreclosure, then sold them to a third party. The number most prominently refers to a landmark

Decided on January 5, 1998, this case is a staple in Philippine property and credit law, specifically regarding the prohibition of pactum commissorium .

The dispute centered on whether a creditor could automatically take ownership of a property used as collateral without a formal foreclosure proceeding. Court of Appeals and Lydia Cuba

The Supreme Court had to determine if the "Assignment of Leasehold Rights" was a legal transfer of ownership or merely a mortgage. If it were a mortgage, DBP's automatic takeover would constitute pactum commissorium —an agreement allowing a creditor to automatically own the collateral upon the debtor's default, which is strictly prohibited under Article 2088 of the Civil Code of the Philippines.