The goal of extraction is to release DNA from the mineral matrix (bone) while removing inhibitors like humic acids.
Once extracted, the DNA must be prepared for Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS). Ancient DNA: Methods and Protocols
To handle chemical damage, researchers may use Uracil-DNA-Glycosylase (UDG) to remove uracil bases, reducing sequencing errors, though this can sometimes shorten already tiny fragments. The goal of extraction is to release DNA
Over time, DNA strands break into very short fragments, typically between 30 and 100 base pairs. reducing sequencing errors