Being Mortal -

For much of human history, death was a familiar, domestic occurrence. Today, however, it has become a highly medicalised experience. Modern medicine often treats aging and terminal illness as problems to be "solved" rather than stages of life to be navigated. Gawande argues that while science has succeeded in extending human life, it has largely failed in its mission to ensure those extra days are meaningful.

Gawande provides a sobering look at the biology of aging—how our bones thin, our brains shrink, and our organs gradually lose their capacity. He emphasizes that this decline is not a pathology but a natural order that medicine cannot ultimately stop. The Conflict Between Safety and Autonomy Being Mortal

As we age and become frail, society’s instinct is to prioritize safety, often at the expense of autonomy. Gawande critiques the traditional nursing home model, which he describes as institutionalized care that strips individuals of their agency. For much of human history, death was a