: Established by the ASA to prevent aspiration. Patients may typically have clear liquids up to 2 hours before surgery and light meals up to 6 hours PMC .

: You can find "2020 Bonhomme Belgian standards for patient safety in anesthesia" here. While usually listed as a PDF, researchers often share supporting "Technical Files" or "Observation Files" in editable formats upon request.

Contemporary practice generally categorizes anesthesia into four primary domains, as noted by UCLA Health :

: This recent systematic review and meta-analysis includes multiple downloadable DOCX and DOC files as supplementary material (e.g., Supplementary Material 2 and 3) that detail specific clinical data and methodologies.

: Anxiolysis, areflexia, autonomic areflexia, analgesia, amnesia, and anesthesia News-Medical.Net .

: Ranges from minimal anxiolysis to deep sedation where the patient may still respond to purposeful stimulation.

: Targeted numbing of a specific area, often following the "3-5-7 rule" for maximum toxic doses (e.g., 5mg/kg for lidocaine) Kijabe Anesthesia . Key Clinical Safety Rules