Manages call control (CC), Short Message Service (SMS), and supplementary services. Services and Security
Primarily high-quality digital voice calls and SMS. GSM – Architecture, Protocols and Services
Uses the Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) to store unique identity information. Security is maintained through a challenge-response authentication mechanism and over-the-air encryption using algorithms like A5. Manages call control (CC), Short Message Service (SMS),
A temporary database storing information for subscribers currently roaming in its area. Manages call control (CC)
Verifies user identities and provides security keys for encryption.
The central node for call routing and management.
