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: Inheritance breaks encapsulation; use wrappers or delegates instead.

: Enums are full-fledged classes providing type safety and powerful features. : Inheritance breaks encapsulation

: Use checked exceptions for recoverable conditions and runtime exceptions for programming errors. 💡 Key Takeaway : Inheritance breaks encapsulation

: They have names and aren't required to create a new object every time. : Inheritance breaks encapsulation

: Pass resources to the constructor instead of hardcoding them (Singleton/Static utilities). 2. Methods Common to All Objects