: Before data collection, authors submit their research question, hypotheses, and detailed methodology for peer review.
Reduces (the tendency to only publish positive results). Registar
Prevents questionable practices like (manipulating data to find significant patterns) and HARKing (Hypothesizing After the Results are Known). : Before data collection, authors submit their research
: If the protocol is sound, the journal grants In-Principle Acceptance (IPA) , promising to publish the findings regardless of whether the results are positive, negative, or "null". Key Benefits : : Before data collection