And Fall Of Apartheid | South Africa: The Rise

: Nelson Mandela and other top ANC leaders were sentenced to life in prison in 1964.

: The Population Registration Act of 1950 classified all citizens into four groups: White, Black (Bantu), Coloured (mixed race), and Indian/Asian. South Africa: The Rise and Fall of Apartheid

: Global boycotts, trade embargoes, and economic sanctions from countries like the U.S. and UK crippled the South African economy. : Nelson Mandela and other top ANC leaders

: The government created ten "homelands" (Bantustans) for Black South Africans, stripping them of their South African citizenship and forcing them into impoverished, semi-independent territories. The Struggle and Resistance and UK crippled the South African economy

: Non-whites were required to carry "passes" (internal passports) to enter or work in white-only areas; failure to produce one resulted in immediate arrest.

While formal apartheid ended with the 1994 elections and the adoption of a new constitution in 1996, its legacy persists. South Africa remains one of the most unequal countries in the world, with significant disparities in wealth, land ownership, and access to quality education still largely following racial lines.