For nearly a century, elite female athletes have faced invasive scrutiny regarding their biological sex.

The Reuters/Philadelphia Inquirer reports that the study found that sports had the opposite effect in boys' lives. It found that " California Healthline

: International organizations have criticized these policies for being "unscientific" and causing "public humiliation" for women with intersex traits. Adolescent Athletics and Sexual Activity

: A 2016 study highlighted a "disturbing" link in some college environments, where a significant percentage of male athletes admitted to using pressure or coercion in sexual encounters. Performance Myths vs. Reality

: Conversely, some research indicates that female adolescent athletes may be less likely to become pregnant, as sports can offer an alternative to traditional notions of femininity.

: Athletes like Caster Semenya and Stella Walsh became central figures in debates over whether biological traits, such as high testosterone, constitute an "unfair advantage" similar to high lung capacity or hyper-flexibility.