: While he studied under several human gurus like Nagarjuna and Saryapa, Tilopa claimed his ultimate realization came directly from the primordial buddha Vajradhara .
The text emphasizes that the true nature of the mind is like open space—vast, unchanging, and impossible to stain with "good" or "bad" deeds. The Life of Tilopa and the Ganges Mahamudra
The is a seminal "song of realization" composed by the 10th-century Indian mahasiddha Tilopa . It consists of 28 pithy verses delivered to his disciple Naropa on the banks of the Ganges River, encapsulating the direct, non-conceptual path to enlightenment that founded the Kagyu lineage of Tibetan Buddhism. The Life of Tilopa (988–1069 CE) : While he studied under several human gurus