The book examines how fifth-century political relationships between Greece and Persia influenced religious practice, suggesting that religious shifts were deeply tied to shifts in power and identity. Critical Reception

Some scholars, while acknowledging it as a major work, find Munn's reconstructions of the Mother Goddess's persona to be speculative . Others have reservations about his handling of archaeological evidence versus literary sources.

As Athens developed its democracy, it "translated" this eastern symbol of sovereignty into a protector of its own laws and archives, effectively claiming the goddess as a symbol of the sovereignty of the people .