Ultras

While often associated with hooliganism or violence in the media, many groups act as surrogate families, offering a sense of belonging in atomized societies [16, 23].

In many regions, Ultras are powerful political actors. They have played roles in revolutions (e.g., Egypt’s Arab Spring) and often represent marginalized social groups [20, 21, 27]. Ultras

Matchdays are defined by Tifos —massive, hand-crafted banners and mosaics—flares, constant chanting, and synchronized drums [5, 11, 23]. While often associated with hooliganism or violence in

Unlike road marathons, ultras often involve rugged terrain, extreme elevation changes, and sleep deprivation [3]. Success depends more on "durability" and mental fortitude than raw speed [34, 36]. many groups act as surrogate families