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: Any purchase from a Federal Firearms License (FFL) holder requires the completion of ATF Form 4473 . This document requires the buyer to disclose personal information and answer questions regarding their criminal and mental health history.

: Anyone convicted of a crime punishable by imprisonment for a term exceeding one year.

: Once the form is completed, the dealer must contact the National Instant Criminal Background Check System (NICS) . This system, maintained by the FBI, cross-references the buyer's data against databases of prohibited persons. 2. Federally Prohibited Persons

: Individuals fleeing from justice to avoid prosecution.

: Federal law mandates a minimum age of 18 for the purchase of long guns (rifles and shotguns) and 21 for handguns from a licensed dealer.

: Persons "adjudicated as a mental defective" or involuntarily committed to a mental institution.

: Requirements for carrying a weapon often differ from those for buying one. For example, North Carolina allows open carry without a permit but has specific rules for concealed carry. 4. The "Private Sale" Exception

Under federal law, several categories of individuals are permanently or temporarily barred from purchasing or possessing firearms: